Improvement in standard-gages



(l. S. BACKU S.

a Standard Gages. 'N0.l57,779 Pate nted Dec 15,1874.

17211 22507:- Q Jfizqza UNITED STATES PATENT QUIMBY S. BAOKUS, OFWINOHENDON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN STANDARD-GAGES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N0. 157,779, dated December15, 1874; application filed June 16, 1874.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, QUIMBY S. BAGKUS, ofWinchendon, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, haveinvented a new and Improved StandardGa-ge; and that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference markedthereon, making a part of this specification.

This invention is in the nature of an improvement in the construction ofstandardgages; and the invention consists in a standard-gage constructedwith a perforated tapering and adjustable steel plug fitted into acorrespondin g tapering orifice within a steel block, substantially ashereinafter described.

The great difficulty experienced in making standard-gages is well knownby all mechanics. In fact, there are but few mechanics or tool-makerssufficiently skilled to construct standard-gages, so extremely nice andaccurate must the fitting'be, and the expense incurred in getting up aset of standard-gages is a drawback, in many instances, to employingthem. Hence it is that the several parts of a given machine are notnecessarily interchangeable, so that repairs are at times trouble someand expensive. To obviate these diffi' culties, and to enablemanufacturers to construct their gages at a reasonable cost, and at thesame time preserve the utmost accuracy under all circumstances, is thechief aim of my invention, as will be seen from the followingdescription and accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a plan viewof my standard-gage; Fig. 2 a cross-section of same; and Fig. 3, view ofgage-pin.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in the several figures.

A is a block of steel, of cylindrical or other shape desired. Throughthe block A is formed a tapering hole, a. This hole is formed exactlycylindrical, and of a true taper from end to end. Accurately fittinginto the hole a is a plug or bushing, B. The exterior surface of thispin g or bushing is made to fit with great accuracy the interior of thetapered hole a, so that said plug or bushing will bear equally withinthe hole a. Through the center of the plug or bushing B is accuratelyformed a cylindrical hole, I). This last-mentioned hole is formed withgreat exactitude, and is of the exact size it is intended the gage shallrepresent. Through one side of the plug or bushing B is made a diagonalcut, 6. This cut passes entirely through one side of the plug orbushing, as shown in Fig. 2.

My gage being constructed substantially as above described, itsoperation is as follows:

The plug or bushing B is placed within the tapering hole a of the blockA, within which it accurately fits, as above mentioned, the upper end ofthe plug or bushing projecting slightly above the upper surface of theblock. The device it is intended to gage-as, for instance, a spindle orjournal-is inserted into the cylindrical hole I), and its proper bearingwithin said hole gages the spindle or journal, or determines how nearlyit approaches the standard size, which the hole I) accuratelyrepresents. This operation is the same as in ordinary standard-gages;but if, when by constant use or otherwise, the gaging-hole b shallbecome enlarged, and thereby departfrom the standard, and its usefulnessdestroyed, a standard-gage pin, 0, is inserted into the gage-hole b, anda slight tap on the projecting end of the plug or bushing B forces thisplug or bushing into the conical hole a of the block A, and

contracts the plug or bushing tightly and truly around the gage-pin G,which is then withdrawn, and the gage-hole b is restored to its standardsize. This adjusting feature of the plug or bushing is accomplished bymeans of the tapering form of the hole a, and the outer surface of theplug or bushing B and cut 0, so that as the plug or bushing is driveninward it contracts equally around its surface, and the cut 6 permitsthe contraction of the gage-hole b, which is in this way contracteduniformly throughout. The cute being diagonal, it can not wear orinjuriously out the gage-pin O or the device that is to be gaged withinthe hole I). The accurate fitting of the plug or bushing B within thehole a of the block A is sufiicient to retain the plug within the blockwithout danger of its being disturbed; but, if desired, the upper end ofthe plug maybe countersunk below the surface of the block, and ascrew-nut fitted into the block, bearing onto 2 Edi??? the upper end ofthe plug, so that as the nut is turned the plug is forced into the taperhole, and retained in position by thefriction together with thescrew-nut; or any other device may be adopted for adjusting or retainingthe plug or bushing within the taper hole in the block.

From the foregoing description of the construction and operation of mystandard-gage it will be seen that a standard-gage may be constructed ofthe utmost accuracy, by almost any good mechanic, at a great saving ofcost, and without the tedious labor of working down the fitting parts byfriction, as standard-gages are ordinarily made, for, by my method ofconstructin g standard-gages, the entire gage may be constructed of softsteel, and therefore readily worked, and afterward hardened, since anydeparture from the standard caused by the action of heat during theprocess of hardening can readily be corrected by the adjusting feature,and in the manner before described. This,

it will be perceived, is a very great advantage, since a standard-gage,as ordinarily constructed, must of necessity be made of the hardeststeel in the first instance, for, if hardened after it is fullycompleted, the heat would destroy its standard. 7

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A standard-gage constructed with an adjustable plug or bushing,substantially as and for the purpose described. a

2. In a standard-gage, the combination of a conical opening with aconical perforated and cut bushing, substantially as and for the purposedescribed.

QUIMBY S. BAOKUS. Witnesses: H. L. WATTENBERG,

G. M. PLYMPTON.

